NOTE: all definitions are based on personal knowledge and may not be 100% adequate to everyone's opinion. Enjoy.

Phatic Language/ Expression
 - a kind of speech act
 - an indication that can consist of commenting in way that doesn't actually express what is being said but something else.
Example - 'what's good?' Really means 'how are things?' Or 'what you been doing?'.

Pragmatic
 - implied
 - cant be taken seriously

Cultural Assumptions
 - how something is may be understood by another country but may not be understood from a different culture or background.

Locution
 - something spoken that is a referred to as the literal meaning.

Illocution
 - the implied spoken term that is given from the locution (literal term).

Perlocution
 - the final perceived meaning that the subject takes from the locution (literal term).

Phatic Language
 - the concept of speaking in a less formal, sociable manner.

Formality
  - the way in which someone speaks, depending on their behaviour and tone.

Deixis (Greek for 'point')
 - words that refer/ point something out.

Context Independent
 - you don't need context due to the text being written in a way that establishes why and whom it's been written for.

Context Dependent
 - you need context to understand the written text.

Pronoun
 - a word that can substitute a noun to expand the grammar within the sentence/ phrase giving a certain degree of depth within the said sentence/ phrase.